Solana Cookbook

Accounts

How to create a system account

Gumawa ng account na pagmamay-ari ng System Programopen in new window. Ang Solana runtime ay magbibigay sa may-ari ng isang account, ng access sa sumulat sa data nito o maglipat ng mga laport. Kapag gumagawa ng account, kailangan nating maglaan ng isang nakapirming espasyo sa imbakan sa mga byte (space) at sapat na laport para mabayaran ang renta. Ang Rentopen in new window ay isang gastos na natamo upang mapanatiling buhay ang mga account sa Solana.

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import {
  SystemProgram,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
  const fromPubkey = Keypair.generate();

  // Airdrop SOL for transferring lamports to the created account
  const airdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    fromPubkey.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(airdropSignature);

  // amount of space to reserve for the account
  const space = 0;

  // Seed the created account with lamports for rent exemption
  const rentExemptionAmount =
    await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(space);

  const newAccountPubkey = Keypair.generate();
  const createAccountParams = {
    fromPubkey: fromPubkey.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: newAccountPubkey.publicKey,
    lamports: rentExemptionAmount,
    space,
    programId: SystemProgram.programId,
  };

  const createAccountTransaction = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.createAccount(createAccountParams)
  );

  await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, createAccountTransaction, [
    fromPubkey,
    newAccountPubkey,
  ]);
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::system_instruction;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let from_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let from_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&from_keypair);

    match connection.request_airdrop(&from_pubkey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error requesting airdrop"),
    };

    let space = 0;
    let rent_exemption_amount = connection
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(space)
        .unwrap();

    let new_account_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let new_account_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&new_account_keypair);

    let create_account_ix = system_instruction::create_account(
        &from_pubkey,
        &new_account_pubkey,
        rent_exemption_amount,
        space as u64,
        &from_pubkey,
    );

    let (recent_blockhash, _) = connection.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();

    let create_account_tx = solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[create_account_ix],
        Some(&from_pubkey),
        &[&from_keypair, &new_account_keypair],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    match connection.send_and_confirm_transaction(&create_account_tx) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error creating system account"),
    };
}

Paano kalkulahin ang halaga ng account

Ang pagpapanatiling buhay ng mga account sa Solana ay nagkakaroon ng halaga ng storage na tinatawag na rentaopen in new window. Ang isang account ay maaaring gawing ganap na exempt mula sa koleksyon ng upa sa pamamagitan ng pagdeposito ng hindi bababa sa dalawang taong halaga ng upa. Para sa pagkalkula, kailangan mong isaalang-alang ang dami ng data na balak mong iimbak sa account.

import { Connection, clusterApiUrl } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // length of data in the account to calculate rent for
  const dataLength = 1500;
  const rentExemptionAmount =
    await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(dataLength);
  console.log({
    rentExemptionAmount,
  });
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());
    let data_length = 1500;

    let rent_exemption_amount = connection
        .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(data_length)
        .unwrap();

    println!("rent exemption amount: {}", rent_exemption_amount);
}

solana rent 1500

Paano gumawa ng mga account gamit ang mga buto

Maaari mong gamitin ang createAccountWithSeed upang pamahalaan ang iyong mga account sa halip na gumawa ng grupo ng iba't ibang keypair.

Bumuo

Press </> button to view full source
import { PublicKey, SystemProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  let basePubkey = new PublicKey(
    "G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY"
  );
  let seed = "robot001";
  let programId = SystemProgram.programId;

  console.log(
    `${(
      await PublicKey.createWithSeed(basePubkey, seed, programId)
    ).toBase58()}`
  );
})();

use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};

fn main() {
    let base_pubkey = Keypair::new().pubkey();
    let seed = "robot001";
    let program_id = solana_program::system_program::id();

    let derived_pubkey = Pubkey::create_with_seed(&base_pubkey, seed, &program_id).unwrap();

    println!("account pubkey: {:?}", derived_pubkey);
}

Create

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import {
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  Transaction,
  Keypair,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
    )
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const base = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
    )
  );

  let basePubkey = base.publicKey;
  let seed = "robot001";
  let programId = SystemProgram.programId;

  let derived = await PublicKey.createWithSeed(basePubkey, seed, programId);

  const tx = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.createAccountWithSeed({
      fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey, // funder
      newAccountPubkey: derived,
      basePubkey: basePubkey,
      seed: seed,
      lamports: 1e8, // 0.1 SOL
      space: 0,
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(
    `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
      feePayer,
      base,
    ])}`
  );
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_program::system_instruction;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use solana_sdk::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let fee_payer_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let fee_payer_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&fee_payer_keypair);

    let base_keypair = Keypair::new();
    let base_pubkey = Signer::pubkey(&base_keypair);

    let seed = "robot001";
    let program_id = solana_program::system_program::id();

    let derived_pubkey = Pubkey::create_with_seed(&base_pubkey, seed, &program_id).unwrap();

    match connection.request_airdrop(&fee_payer_pubkey, LAMPORTS_PER_SOL) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error requesting airdrop"),
    };

    let ix = system_instruction::create_account_with_seed(
        &fee_payer_pubkey,
        &derived_pubkey,
        &base_pubkey,
        seed,
        LAMPORTS_PER_SOL / 10,
        0,
        &program_id,
    );

    let (recent_blockhash, _) = connection.get_recent_blockhash().unwrap();

    let tx = solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[ix],
        Some(&fee_payer_pubkey),
        &[&fee_payer_keypair, &base_keypair],
        recent_blockhash,
    );

    match connection.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx) {
        Ok(sig) => loop {
            if let Ok(confirmed) = connection.confirm_transaction(&sig) {
                if confirmed {
                    println!("Transaction: {} Status: {}", sig, confirmed);
                    break;
                }
            }
        },
        Err(_) => println!("Error creating account with seed"),
    };
}

Transfer

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import {
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  Connection,
  clusterApiUrl,
  Transaction,
  Keypair,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
  const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
    )
  );

  // G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
  const base = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
    bs58.decode(
      "4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
    )
  );

  let basePubkey = base.publicKey;
  let seed = "robot001";
  let programId = SystemProgram.programId;

  let derived = await PublicKey.createWithSeed(basePubkey, seed, programId);

  const tx = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.transfer({
      fromPubkey: derived,
      basePubkey: basePubkey,
      toPubkey: Keypair.generate().publicKey, // create a random receiver
      lamports: 0.01 * LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
      seed: seed,
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(
    `txhash: ${await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, tx, [
      feePayer,
      base,
    ])}`
  );
})();

TIP

Tanging isang account na pagmamay-ari ng system program ang maaaring ilipat sa pamamagitan ng system program.

Paano gumawa ng mga PDA

Ang Program derived address (PDA)open in new window ay tulad ng isang normal na address na may mga sumusunod na pagkakaiba:

  1. Bumagsak sa ed25519 curve
  2. Paggamit ng program para mag-sign sa halip na pribadong key

Tandaan: Ang mga PDA account ay maaari lamang gawin sa programa. Ang address ay maaaring gawin sa panig ng kliyente.

TIP

Bagama't ang PDA ay hinango ng isang program id, hindi ito nangangahulugan na ang PDA ay pagmamay-ari ng parehong programa. (Kumuha ng halimbawa, maaari mong simulan ang iyong PDA bilang isang token account na isang account na pagmamay-ari ng token program)

Bumuo ng PDA

Ang findProgramAddress ay magdaragdag ng karagdagang byte sa dulo ng iyong seed. Nagsisimula ito sa 255 hanggang 0 at ibinabalik ang unang off-curve na pampublikong key. Palagi kang makakakuha ng parehong resulta kung pumasa ka sa parehong program id at binhi.

import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj"
  );

  let [pda, bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("test")],
    programId
  );
  console.log(`bump: ${bump}, pubkey: ${pda.toBase58()}`);
  // you will find the result is different from `createProgramAddress`.
  // It is expected because the real seed we used to calculate is ["test" + bump]
})();

use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use std::str::FromStr;

fn main() {
    let program_id = Pubkey::from_str("G1DCNUQTSGHehwdLCAmRyAG8hf51eCHrLNUqkgGKYASj").unwrap();

    let (pda, bump_seed) = Pubkey::find_program_address(&[b"test"], &program_id);
    println!("pda: {}, bump: {}", pda, bump_seed);
}

Gumawa ng PDA

Nasa ibaba ang isang halimbawa ng programa para sa paglikha ng isang PDA account na pagmamay-ari ng programa at isang halimbawa para sa pagtawag sa programa kasama ang kliyente.

Programa

Ang nasa ibaba ay nagpapakita ng iisang instruction na system_instruction::create_account na lumilikha ng account na may nakalaan na laki ng data na space, rent_lamports na halaga ng mga lampor para sa nagmula na PDA. Ito ay nilagdaan gamit ang PDA gamit ang invoke_signed katulad ng tinalakay sa itaas.

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use solana_program::{
    account_info::next_account_info, account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult, program::invoke_signed, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction, sysvar::{rent::Rent, Sysvar}
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo], 
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let payer_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let pda_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let rent_sysvar_account_info = &Rent::from_account_info(next_account_info(account_info_iter)?)?;

    // find space and minimum rent required for account
    let space = instruction_data[0];
    let bump = instruction_data[1];
    let rent_lamports = rent_sysvar_account_info.minimum_balance(space.into());

    invoke_signed(
        &system_instruction::create_account(
            &payer_account_info.key,
            &pda_account_info.key,
            rent_lamports,
            space.into(),
            program_id
        ),
        &[
            payer_account_info.clone(),
            pda_account_info.clone()
        ],
        &[&[&payer_account_info.key.as_ref(), &[bump]]]
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Client

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import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  PublicKey,
  TransactionInstruction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
  SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  // program id
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "7ZP42kRwUQ2zgbqXoaXzAFaiQnDyp6swNktTSv8mNQGN"
  );

  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // setup fee payer
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    feePayer.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  // setup pda
  let [pda, bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [feePayer.publicKey.toBuffer()],
    programId
  );
  console.log(`bump: ${bump}, pubkey: ${pda.toBase58()}`);

  const data_size = 0;

  let tx = new Transaction().add(
    new TransactionInstruction({
      keys: [
        {
          pubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
          isSigner: true,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: pda,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: false,
        },
        {
          pubkey: SystemProgram.programId,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: false,
        },
      ],
      data: Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([data_size, bump])),
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [feePayer])}`);
})();

Paano mag-sign gamit ang isang PDA

Ang mga PDA ay maaari lamang pirmahan sa loob ng programa. Nasa ibaba ang isang programa halimbawa ng pagpirma sa isang PDA at pagtawag sa programa kasama ang kliyente.

Programa

Ang ibaba ay nagpapakita ng isang pagtuturo na naglilipat ng SOL mula sa isang PDA na ay hinango ng binhing escrow sa isang account na naipasa. Ang invoke_signed ay ginamit upang pumirma sa PDA.

Press </> button to view full source
use solana_program::{
    account_info::next_account_info, account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult, program::invoke_signed, pubkey::Pubkey, system_instruction,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let pda_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let to_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let system_program_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

    // pass bump seed for saving compute budget
    let bump_seed = instruction_data[0];

    invoke_signed(
        &system_instruction::transfer(
            &pda_account_info.key,
            &to_account_info.key,
            100_000_000, // 0.1 SOL
        ),
        &[
            pda_account_info.clone(),
            to_account_info.clone(),
            system_program_account_info.clone(),
        ],
        &[&[b"escrow", &[bump_seed]]],
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

Client

Press </> button to view full source
import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  PublicKey,
  TransactionInstruction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";

(async () => {
  // program id
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "4wQC2yuVt4rbcPeYLK8WngqbYLg7UAahVjRFrK3NBjP6"
  );

  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // setup fee payer
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    feePayer.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  // setup pda
  let [pda, bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
    [Buffer.from("escrow")],
    programId
  );
  console.log(`bump: ${bump}, pubkey: ${pda.toBase58()}`);

  // require 1 SOL for the transfering in the program
  const pdaAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    pda,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(pdaAirdropSignature);

  // create a random `to`
  const to = Keypair.generate();
  console.log(`receiver: ${to.publicKey.toBase58()}`);

  let tx = new Transaction().add(
    new TransactionInstruction({
      keys: [
        {
          pubkey: pda,
          // Leave `false` here although we need a pda as a signer.
          // It will be escalated on program if we use invoke_signed.
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: to.publicKey,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: SystemProgram.programId,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: false,
        },
      ],
      data: Buffer.from(new Uint8Array([bump])),
      programId: programId,
    })
  );

  console.log(`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [feePayer])}`);
})();

Paano makakuha ng mga program account

Ibalik ang lahat ng account na pagmamay-ari ng isang programa. Sumangguni sa seksyon ng mga gabay para sa higit pang impormasyon sa getProgramAccounts at ang configuration nito.

import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const MY_PROGRAM_ID = new PublicKey(
    "6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"
  );
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  const accounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(MY_PROGRAM_ID);

  console.log(`Accounts for program ${MY_PROGRAM_ID}: `);
  console.log(accounts);

  /*
  // Output

  Accounts for program 6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U:  
  [
    {
      account: {
        data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fc>,
        executable: false,
        lamports: 1064880,
        owner: [PublicKey],
        rentEpoch: 228
      },
      pubkey: PublicKey {
        _bn: <BN: 82fc5b91154dc5c840cb464ba6a89212d0fd789367c0a1488fb1941d78f9727a>
      }
    },
    {
      account: {
        data: <Buffer 60 06 66 ca 2c 1d c7 85 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fd>,
        executable: false,
        lamports: 1064880,
        owner: [PublicKey],
        rentEpoch: 229
      },
      pubkey: PublicKey {
        _bn: <BN: 404dc1fe368cf194f20cf3c681a071c61893ced98f65cda12ba5a147e984e669>
      }
    }
  ]
  */
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use std::str::FromStr;

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let program_id = Pubkey::from_str("6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U").unwrap();
    let accounts = connection.get_program_accounts(&program_id).unwrap();

    println!("accounts for {}, {:?}", program_id, accounts);
}

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getProgramAccounts", "params":["6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U"]}
'

# Output
# {"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"account":{"data":"fe2kiXpgfrjWQjCPX3n5MB339Ayqav75ej","executable":false,"lamports":1064880,"owner":"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U","rentEpoch":228},"pubkey":"9pKBrUtJU9GNmct6T2BQtiKqvubtjS9D2if2bm1P8TQd"},{"account":{"data":"fe2kiXpgfrjVs7hiZJNVFsbJUuhXhFx3pQ","executable":false,"lamports":1064880,"owner":"6a2GdmttJdanBkoHt7f4Kon4hfadx4UTUgJeRkCaiL3U","rentEpoch":229},"pubkey":"5L1rztbopmgGMWPKb2efoGyhGnrBJm6K53Hf9S4nxdHr"}],"id":1}

Paano isara ang mga account

Maaari mong isara ang isang account (burahin ang lahat ng nakaimbak na data) sa pamamagitan ng pag-alis ng lahat ng SOL. (maaari kang sumangguni sa rentaopen in new window para sa higit pang impormasyon)

Programa

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use solana_program::{
    account_info::next_account_info, account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint,
    entrypoint::ProgramResult, pubkey::Pubkey,
};

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

fn process_instruction(
    _program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    _instruction_data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let account_info_iter = &mut accounts.iter();

    let source_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;
    let dest_account_info = next_account_info(account_info_iter)?;

    let dest_starting_lamports = dest_account_info.lamports();
    **dest_account_info.lamports.borrow_mut() = dest_starting_lamports
        .checked_add(source_account_info.lamports())
        .unwrap();
    **source_account_info.lamports.borrow_mut() = 0;

    let mut source_data = source_account_info.data.borrow_mut();
    source_data.fill(0);

    Ok(())
}

Client

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import {
  Keypair,
  Connection,
  Transaction,
  SystemProgram,
  TransactionInstruction,
  PublicKey,
  clusterApiUrl,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async function () {
  // connection
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  // setup fee payer
  const feePayer = Keypair.generate();
  const feePayerAirdropSignature = await connection.requestAirdrop(
    feePayer.publicKey,
    LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
  );
  await connection.confirmTransaction(feePayerAirdropSignature);

  // remember to deploy your program first
  const programId = new PublicKey(
    "An47uBJ8kY7hzKPzDyRoFSsDHkZFY9vkfUGpTViWqLFz"
  );

  // 1. create an account to your program
  let newAccountKeypair = Keypair.generate();
  console.log(`new account: ${newAccountKeypair.publicKey.toBase58()}`);

  let createNewAccountTx = new Transaction().add(
    SystemProgram.createAccount({
      fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
      newAccountPubkey: newAccountKeypair.publicKey,
      lamports: 1e8, // 0.1 SOL
      space: 10, // a random value
      programId: programId,
    })
  );
  console.log(
    `create account txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(
      createNewAccountTx,
      [feePayer, newAccountKeypair]
    )}`
  );

  // 2. close your account
  let closeAccountTx = new Transaction().add(
    new TransactionInstruction({
      keys: [
        {
          pubkey: newAccountKeypair.publicKey,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
        {
          pubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
          isSigner: false,
          isWritable: true,
        },
      ],
      programId: programId,
    })
  );
  console.log(
    `close account txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(closeAccountTx, [
      feePayer,
    ])}`
  );
})();

Paano makakuha ng balanse sa account

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import {
  clusterApiUrl,
  Connection,
  PublicKey,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL,
} from "@solana/web3.js";

(async () => {
  const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");

  let wallet = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
  console.log(
    `${(await connection.getBalance(wallet)) / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL} SOL`
  );
})();

use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use std::str::FromStr;

fn main() {
    let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
    let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());

    let wallet = Pubkey::from_str("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY").unwrap();
    let balance = connection.get_balance(&wallet).unwrap();

    println!(
        "The account {}, has {} SOL ",
        wallet,
        balance / LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
    );
}

from solders.keypair import Keypair
from solana.rpc.api import Client

client = Client("https://api.devnet.solana.com")

key_pair = Keypair()
public_key = key_pair.pubkey()

print(client.get_balance(public_key))

// clang++ get_balance.cpp -o get_balance -std=c++17 -lssl -lcrypto -lsodium

#include "solana.hpp"

using namespace many::solana;

int main() {
  Connection connection("https://api.devnet.solana.com");

  auto key_pair = Keypair::generate();

  auto public_key = key_pair.public_key;
  std::cout << "public_key = " << public_key.to_base58() << std::endl;

  uint64_t balance = connection.get_balance(public_key).unwrap();
  std::cout << "balance = " << balance << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

TIP

Kung gusto mong makakuha ng balanse ng token, kakailanganin mong malaman ang address ng token account. Para sa higit pang impormasyon, tingnan ang Token References

Last Updated:
Contributors: mh