Token
Tôi nên cần gì để bắt đầu với SPL-Tokens?
Mỗi khi bạn tương tác với token trên Solana, bạn thực chất đang tương tác với Solana Program Library Token, gọi tắt là SPL-Token Standard. Chuẩn SPL-Token yêu cầu một thư viện đặc thù để sử dụng và bạn có thể tìm thấy bên dưới tuỳ vào ngôn ngữ lập trình của bạn.
"@solana/spl-token": "^0.2.0"
Làm thế nào để tạo một token mới
Tạo mới token có thể thực hiện bằng cách tạo một "mint account". Account này sẽ được sử dụng lưu đúc token cho token account và ghi nhớ tổng cung cung khởi tạo.
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
Keypair,
Transaction,
SystemProgram,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
createInitializeMintInstruction,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
MINT_SIZE,
getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint,
createMint,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
// 1) use build-in function
let mintPubkey = await createMint(
connection, // conneciton
feePayer, // fee payer
alice.publicKey, // mint authority
alice.publicKey, // freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)
8 // decimals
);
console.log(`mint: ${mintPubkey.toBase58()}`);
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
const mint = Keypair.generate();
console.log(`mint: ${mint.publicKey.toBase58()}`);
let tx = new Transaction().add(
// create mint account
SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
space: MINT_SIZE,
lamports: await getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint(connection),
programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
}),
// init mint account
createInitializeMintInstruction(
mint.publicKey, // mint pubkey
8, // decimals
alice.publicKey, // mint authority
alice.publicKey // freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [feePayer, mint])}`
);
})();
// 1) use build-in function
let mintPubkey = await createMint(
connection, // conneciton
feePayer, // fee payer
alice.publicKey, // mint authority
alice.publicKey, // freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)
8 // decimals
);
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
let tx = new Transaction().add(
// create mint account
SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: feePayer.publicKey,
newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
space: MINT_SIZE,
lamports: await getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptMint(connection),
programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
}),
// init mint account
createInitializeMintInstruction(
mint.publicKey, // mint pubkey
8, // decimals
alice.publicKey, // mint authority
alice.publicKey // freeze authority (you can use `null` to disable it. when you disable it, you can't turn it on again)
)
);
Làm thế nào để đọc truy vấn token mint
Để có thể đọc tổng cung hiện tại, chủ sở hữu, hoặc số chữ số phần thập phân (decimals) mà token định nghĩa, bạn sẽ cần lấy dữ liệu dữ liệu mint account.
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { getMint } from "@solana/spl-token";
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const mintAccountPublicKey = new PublicKey("8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV");
let mintAccount = await getMint(connection, mintAccountPublicKey);
console.log(mintAccount);
/*
{
address: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec>
},
mintAuthority: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f>
},
supply: 0n,
decimals: 8,
isInitialized: true,
freezeAuthority: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f>
}
}
*/
})();
let mintAccount = await getMint(connection, mintAccountPublicKey);
Làm thế nào để tạo một token account
Một token account là bắt buộc cần có để chứa tokens. Mỗi token mint có một token account khác nhau tương ứng với nó.
Associated Token Accounts (ATA) được tạo một cách "bất biến" cho các cặp khoá. ATA là phương pháp khuyên dùng để quản lý token account.
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
SystemProgram,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
createAssociatedTokenAccount,
getAssociatedTokenAddress,
createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const mintPubkey = new PublicKey(
"2SKpuBU9ksneBZD4nqbZkw75NE11HsSHsGRtW2BZh5aQ"
);
// 1) use build-in function
{
let ata = await createAssociatedTokenAccount(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // fee payer
mintPubkey, // mint
alice.publicKey // owner,
);
console.log(`ATA: ${ata.toBase58()}`);
}
// or
// 2) composed by yourself
{
// calculate ATA
let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
mintPubkey, // mint
alice.publicKey // owner
);
console.log(`ATA: ${ata.toBase58()}`);
// if your wallet is off-curve, you should use
// let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
// mintPubkey, // mint
// alice.publicKey // owner
// true, // allowOwnerOffCurve
// );
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
feePayer.publicKey, // payer
ata, // ata
alice.publicKey, // owner
mintPubkey // mint
)
);
console.log(`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [feePayer])}`);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let ata = await createAssociatedTokenAccount(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // fee payer
mintPubkey, // mint
alice.publicKey // owner,
);
}
// or
// 2) composed by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
feePayer.publicKey, // payer
ata, // ata
alice.publicKey, // owner
mintPubkey // mint
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để truy vấn token acount
Mỗi token account chứa thông tin về chủ sỡ hữu token, loại mint, só dư, và số chữ số phần thập phân.
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { getAccount } from "@solana/spl-token";
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"
);
let tokenAccount = await getAccount(connection, tokenAccountPubkey);
console.log(tokenAccount);
/*
{
address: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 16aef79dfadb39ffedb3b6f77688b8c162b18bb9cba2ffefe152303629ae3030>
},
mint: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: 7351e5e067cc7cfefef42e78915d3c513edbb8adeeab4d9092e814fe68c39fec>
},
owner: PublicKey {
_bn: <BN: df30e6ca0981c1a677eed6f7cb46b2aa442ca9b7a10a10e494badea4b9b6944f>
},
amount: 0n,
delegate: null,
delegatedAmount: 0n,
isInitialized: true,
isFrozen: false,
isNative: false,
rentExemptReserve: null,
closeAuthority: null
}
*/
})();
let tokenAccount = await getAccount(connection, tokenAccountPubkey);
Làm thế nào để truy vấn số dư của token account
Thông tin số dư token của một token account có thể được truy vấn bằng một hàm gọi duy nhất.
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
(async () => {
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const tokenAccount = new PublicKey(
"FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8"
);
let tokenAmount = await connection.getTokenAccountBalance(tokenAccount);
console.log(`amount: ${tokenAmount.value.amount}`);
console.log(`decimals: ${tokenAmount.value.decimals}`);
})();
let tokenAmount = await connection.getTokenAccountBalance(tokenAccount);
use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
use solana_sdk::commitment_config::CommitmentConfig;
use std::str::FromStr;
fn main() {
let rpc_url = String::from("https://api.devnet.solana.com");
let connection = RpcClient::new_with_commitment(rpc_url, CommitmentConfig::confirmed());
let token_account = Pubkey::from_str("FWZedVtyKQtP4CXhT7XDnLidRADrJknmZGA2qNjpTPg8").unwrap();
let balance = connection
.get_token_account_balance(&token_account)
.unwrap();
println!("amount: {}, decimals: {}", balance.amount, balance.decimals);
}
let balance = connection
.get_token_account_balance(&token_account)
.unwrap();
TIP
Một token account chỉ có thể chứa một loại mint duy nhất. Khi bạn khai báo token account, bạn cũng phải chỉ rõ lại mint.
Làm thế nào để dúc token
Khi bạn đúc token, bạn tăng số lượng tổng cung và chuyển số lược token mới cho token account mong muốn.
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
createMintToCheckedInstruction,
mintToChecked,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const mintPubkey = new PublicKey(
"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"
);
const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"
);
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await mintToChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // fee payer
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)
alice, // mint authority
1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.
8 // decimals
);
console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
// if alice is a multisig account
// let txhash = await mintToChecked(
// connection, // connection
// feePayer, // fee payer
// mintPubkey, // mint
// tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)
// alice.publicKey, // !! mint authority pubkey !!
// 1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.
// 8, // decimals
// [signer1, signer2 ...],
// );
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createMintToCheckedInstruction(
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)
alice.publicKey, // mint authority
1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.
8 // decimals
// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
alice /* fee payer + mint authority */,
])}`
);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await mintToChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // fee payer
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)
alice, // mint authority
1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.
8 // decimals
);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createMintToCheckedInstruction(
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountPubkey, // receiver (should be a token account)
alice.publicKey, // mint authority
1e8, // amount. if your decimals is 8, you mint 10^8 for 1 token.
8 // decimals
// [signer1, signer2 ...], // only multisig account will use
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để chuyển token
Bạn có thể chuyển token từ một token account đến một token account khác.
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
createTransferCheckedInstruction,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
transferChecked,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const mintPubkey = new PublicKey(
"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"
);
const tokenAccountXPubkey = new PublicKey(
"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"
);
const tokenAccountYPubkey = new PublicKey(
"GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV"
);
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await transferChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountXPubkey, // from (should be a token account)
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountYPubkey, // to (should be a token account)
alice, // from's owner
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
);
console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createTransferCheckedInstruction(
tokenAccountXPubkey, // from (should be a token account)
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountYPubkey, // to (should be a token account)
alice.publicKey, // from's owner
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
alice /* fee payer + owner */,
])}`
);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await transferChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountXPubkey, // from (should be a token account)
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountYPubkey, // to (should be a token account)
alice, // from's owner
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createTransferCheckedInstruction(
tokenAccountXPubkey, // from (should be a token account)
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountYPubkey, // to (should be a token account)
alice.publicKey, // from's owner
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, send 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để đốt token
Bạn có thể đốt (huỷ) token nếu bạn là chủ sỡ hữu của token đó.
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
burnChecked,
createBurnCheckedInstruction,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const mintPubkey = new PublicKey(
"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"
);
const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"
);
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await burnChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
mintPubkey, // mint
alice, // owner
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8
);
console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createBurnCheckedInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
mintPubkey, // mint
alice.publicKey, // owner of token account
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
alice /* fee payer + token authority */,
])}`
);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await burnChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
mintPubkey, // mint
alice, // owner
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8
);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createBurnCheckedInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
mintPubkey, // mint
alice.publicKey, // owner of token account
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để đóng một token account
Bạn có thể đóng một token account nếu bạn không muốn dùng nó nữa. Sẽ có 2 trường hợp:
- Wrapped SOL - Đóng và chuyển Wrapped SOL thành SOL
- Các Token khác - Bạn có thể đóng chỉ khi số dư của token account là 0.
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import { closeAccount, createCloseAccountInstruction } from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
"2XYiFjmU1pCXmC2QfEAghk6S7UADseupkNQdnRBXszD5"
);
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await closeAccount(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account which you want to close
alice.publicKey, // destination
alice // owner of token account
);
console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createCloseAccountInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account which you want to close
alice.publicKey, // destination
alice.publicKey // owner of token account
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
alice /* fee payer + owner */,
])}`
);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await closeAccount(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account which you want to close
alice.publicKey, // destination
alice // owner of token account
);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createCloseAccountInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account which you want to close
alice.publicKey, // destination
alice.publicKey // owner of token account
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để thiết lập chủ sở hữu cho token account và mint
Bạn có thể thiết lập hoặc cập nhật chủ sỡ hữu. Có 4 loại:
- MintTokens (mint account)
- FreezeAccount (mint account)
- AccountOwner (token account)
- CloseAccount (token account)
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
AuthorityType,
createSetAuthorityInstruction,
setAuthority,
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const randomGuy = Keypair.generate();
console.log(`random guy: ${randomGuy.publicKey.toBase58()}`);
const mintPubkey = new PublicKey(
"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"
);
// authority type
// 1) for mint account
// AuthorityType.MintTokens
// AuthorityType.FreezeAccount
// 2) for token account
// AuthorityType.AccountOwner
// AuthorityType.CloseAccount
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await setAuthority(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
mintPubkey, // mint account || token account
alice, // current authority
AuthorityType.MintTokens, // authority type
randomGuy.publicKey // new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)
);
console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createSetAuthorityInstruction(
mintPubkey, // mint acocunt || token account
alice.publicKey, // current auth
AuthorityType.MintTokens, // authority type
feePayer.publicKey // new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
alice /* fee payer + origin auth */,
])}`
);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await setAuthority(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
mintPubkey, // mint account || token account
alice, // current authority
AuthorityType.MintTokens, // authority type
randomGuy.publicKey // new authority (you can pass `null` to close it)
);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createSetAuthorityInstruction(
mintPubkey, // mint acocunt || token account
alice.publicKey, // current auth
AuthorityType.MintTokens, // authority type
randomGuy.publicKey // new auth (you can pass `null` to close it)
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để uỷ quyền cho một token đại diện (delegate)
Bạn có thể thiết lập một đại diện với một số lượng cho phép. Sau khi thiết lập xong, người đại diện sẽ giống như một chủ sỡ hữu khác của token account của bạn. Một token account chỉ có thể uỷ quyền cho một account tại một thời điểm
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
approveChecked,
createApproveCheckedInstruction,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const randomGuy = Keypair.generate();
const mintPubkey = new PublicKey(
"8mAKLjGGmjKTnmcXeyr3pr7iX13xXVjJJiL6RujDbSPV"
);
const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
"GMxZfDmpR1b3vdJYXHzdF5noVLQogZuUAsDHHQ3ytPfV"
);
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await approveChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // fee payer
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
randomGuy.publicKey, // delegate
alice, // owner of token account
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
);
console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createApproveCheckedInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
mintPubkey, // mint
randomGuy.publicKey, // delegate
alice.publicKey, // owner of token account
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
alice /* fee payer + owner */,
])}`
);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await approveChecked(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // fee payer
mintPubkey, // mint
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
randomGuy.publicKey, // delegate
alice, // owner of token account
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createApproveCheckedInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
mintPubkey, // mint
randomGuy.publicKey, // delegate
alice.publicKey, // owner of token account
1e8, // amount, if your deciamls is 8, 10^8 for 1 token
8 // decimals
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để thu hồi một token đại diện
Thu hồi sẽ thiết lập biến delegate
về null
và số dư uỷ quyền về 0.
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
PublicKey,
Keypair,
Transaction,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import { createRevokeInstruction, revoke } from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
const tokenAccountPubkey = new PublicKey(
"DRS5CSgPQp4uvPPcUA34tckfYFNUPNBJi77fVbnSfQHr"
);
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await revoke(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
alice // owner of token account
);
console.log(`txhash: ${txhash}`);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createRevokeInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
alice.publicKey // owner of token account
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
alice /* fee payer + origin auth */,
])}`
);
}
})();
// 1) use build-in function
{
let txhash = await revoke(
connection, // connection
feePayer, // payer
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
alice // owner of token account
);
}
// or
// 2) compose by yourself
{
let tx = new Transaction().add(
createRevokeInstruction(
tokenAccountPubkey, // token account
alice.publicKey // owner of token account
)
);
}
Làm thế nào để quản lý wrapped SOL
Wrapped SOL cũng chỉ giống như các lại token mint khác. Điểm khác là bạn có thể sử dụng syncNative
và tạo token account dựa trên địa chỉ NATIVE_MINT
.
Tạo token account
Tương tự Làm thế nào để tạo một token account nhưng thay địa chỉ mint với NATIVE_MINT
import { NATIVE_MINT } from "@solana/spl-token";
Thêm số dư
Có hai cách để thêm số dư cho Wrapped SOL
1. Bằng cách chuyển SOL
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
Keypair,
Transaction,
SystemProgram,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
NATIVE_MINT,
getAssociatedTokenAddress,
createSyncNativeInstruction,
createAccount,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
// remember to create ATA first
let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
NATIVE_MINT, // mint
alice.publicKey // owner
);
let amount = 1 * 1e9; /* Wrapped SOL's decimals is 9 */
let tx = new Transaction().add(
// trasnfer SOL
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: alice.publicKey,
toPubkey: ata,
lamports: amount,
}),
// sync wrapped SOL balance
createSyncNativeInstruction(ata)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [feePayer, alice])}`
);
})();
let tx = new Transaction().add(
// trasnfer SOL
SystemProgram.transfer({
fromPubkey: alice.publicKey,
toPubkey: ata,
lamports: amount,
}),
// sync wrapped SOL balance
createSyncNativeInstruction(ata)
);
2. Bằng cách chuyển Token
import {
clusterApiUrl,
Connection,
Keypair,
Transaction,
SystemProgram,
} from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
NATIVE_MINT,
getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount,
getAssociatedTokenAddress,
ACCOUNT_SIZE,
createInitializeAccountInstruction,
createTransferInstruction,
closeAccountInstructionData,
createCloseAccountInstruction,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
// 5YNmS1R9nNSCDzb5a7mMJ1dwK9uHeAAF4CmPEwKgVWr8
const feePayer = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"588FU4PktJWfGfxtzpAAXywSNt74AvtroVzGfKkVN1LwRuvHwKGr851uH8czM5qm4iqLbs1kKoMKtMJG4ATR7Ld2"
)
);
// G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY
const alice = Keypair.fromSecretKey(
bs58.decode(
"4NMwxzmYj2uvHuq8xoqhY8RXg63KSVJM1DXkpbmkUY7YQWuoyQgFnnzn6yo3CMnqZasnNPNuAT2TLwQsCaKkUddp"
)
);
// remember to create ATA first
let ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
NATIVE_MINT, // mint
alice.publicKey // owner
);
let auxAccount = Keypair.generate();
let amount = 1 * 1e9; /* Wrapped SOL's decimals is 9 */
let tx = new Transaction().add(
// create token account
SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: alice.publicKey,
newAccountPubkey: auxAccount.publicKey,
space: ACCOUNT_SIZE,
lamports:
(await getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount(connection)) + amount, // rent + amount
programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
}),
// init token account
createInitializeAccountInstruction(
auxAccount.publicKey,
NATIVE_MINT,
alice.publicKey
),
// transfer WSOL
createTransferInstruction(
auxAccount.publicKey,
ata,
alice.publicKey,
amount
),
// close aux account
createCloseAccountInstruction(
auxAccount.publicKey,
alice.publicKey,
alice.publicKey
)
);
console.log(
`txhash: ${await connection.sendTransaction(tx, [
feePayer,
auxAccount,
alice,
])}`
);
})();
let tx = new Transaction().add(
// create token account
SystemProgram.createAccount({
fromPubkey: alice.publicKey,
newAccountPubkey: auxAccount.publicKey,
space: ACCOUNT_SIZE,
lamports:
(await getMinimumBalanceForRentExemptAccount(connection)) + amount, // rent + amount
programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
}),
// init token account
createInitializeAccountInstruction(
auxAccount.publicKey,
NATIVE_MINT,
alice.publicKey
),
// transfer WSOL
createTransferInstruction(auxAccount.publicKey, ata, alice.publicKey, amount),
// close aux account
createCloseAccountInstruction(
auxAccount.publicKey,
alice.publicKey,
alice.publicKey
)
);
Làm thế nào để truy vấn tất cả token account của một Chủ
Bạn có thể truy vấn tất cả token account của cùng một chủ. Có 2 cách để thực hiện.
- Lấy tất cả token account
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const owner = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
});
response.value.forEach((accountInfo) => {
console.log(`pubkey: ${accountInfo.pubkey.toBase58()}`);
console.log(`mint: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["mint"]}`);
console.log(
`owner: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["owner"]}`
);
console.log(
`decimals: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["decimals"]}`
);
console.log(
`amount: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["amount"]}`
);
console.log("====================");
});
})();
let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
});
- Lọc bằng mint
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection, PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";
import * as bs58 from "bs58";
(async () => {
// connection
const connection = new Connection(clusterApiUrl("devnet"), "confirmed");
const owner = new PublicKey("G2FAbFQPFa5qKXCetoFZQEvF9BVvCKbvUZvodpVidnoY");
const mint = new PublicKey("54dQ8cfHsW1YfKYpmdVZhWpb9iSi6Pac82Nf7sg3bVb");
let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
mint: mint,
});
response.value.forEach((accountInfo) => {
console.log(`pubkey: ${accountInfo.pubkey.toBase58()}`);
console.log(`mint: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["mint"]}`);
console.log(
`owner: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["owner"]}`
);
console.log(
`decimals: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["decimals"]}`
);
console.log(
`amount: ${accountInfo.account.data["parsed"]["info"]["tokenAmount"]["amount"]}`
);
console.log("====================");
});
})();
let response = await connection.getParsedTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
mint: mint,
});